Perfil epidemiológico de la COVID-19 en municipio Yateras, Guantánamo / Epidemiologic profile of COVID-19 in Yateras, Guantanamo / Perfil epidemiológico da COVID-19 no município de Yateras, Guantánamo

RESUMEN Introducción: El panorama epidemiológico de la COVID-19 del municipio Yateras no ha sido caracterizado. Objetivo: Reflexionar sobre cuáles factores pudieron determinar el perfil epidemiológico de la COVID-19 en el municipio Yateras de la provincia de Guantánamo, durante el periodo comprendido desde el 11 de marzo de 2020 a 19 de febrero de 2021. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y transversal en la dirección municipal del citado municipio, donde se estudió la edad, sexo, características de la vivienda, clasificación según grupo dispensarial y vulnerabilidad de toda la población censada en el periodo de estudio. Resultados: El 47,1 % de la población fue vulnerable a la pandemia. El 98,8 % presentó alguna comorbilidad o factor de riesgo para esta, sobre todo, el antecedente de hipertensión arterial sistémica (2 192 pobladores). El 10,7 % de las viviendas se calificó de hacinada y el 54,2 % presentaba condiciones inadecuadas. Conclusiones: Las particularidades sociodemográficas de la población yaterana no determinan el panorama epidemiológico de la COVID-19 en el periodo estudiado, pues en este influyeron aspectos, tales como: la implicación responsable de la población y los líderes gubernamentales y de salud en su conjunto, la realización de acciones centradas en las particularidades de cada familia, individuo y asentamiento poblacional, y la reorientación estricta de los servicios médicos para apoyar y facilitar el despliegue de las acciones promotoras de salud, preventivas, diagnósticas y terapéuticas de la COVID-19 desde el nivel primario de atención a la salud.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The epidemiological situation of COVID-19 in Yateras has not been characterized. Objective: Reflections on which factors could determine the epidemiologic profile of COVID-19 in Yateras, Guantanamo, from March 11, 2020 through February 19, 2021. Method: A descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional study was carried out at the public health department in the aforementioned location. Variables studied were: age, sex, characteristics of houses, classification according to the groups selected and the vulnerability of the entire population included in the household census during the study period. Results: 47.1% of the studied population was vulnerable to the pandemic. A total of 2192 residents (98.8%) presented any comorbidity or risk factor, mainly a history of systemic arterial hypertension. The 10.7% of the households were classified as overcrowded and 54.2% in inadequate conditions. Conclusions: The sociodemographic characteristics of the population in Yateras were not determinant in the epidemiologic picture of COVID-19 faced during the study period, whereas other aspects were more associated with the results achieved, aspects like: responsible behavior of the population and the appropriate role of governmental and public health authorities, all actions focused directly on the characteristics of the settlement, each family and person, and the strict reorientation of medical services to support and facilitate the actions of health promotion (preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic measures) to confront the COVID-19 pandemic.

RESUMO Introdução: O panorama epidemiológico da COVID-19 no município de Yateras não foi caracterizado. Objetivo: Refletir sobre quais fatores poderiam determinar o perfil epidemiológico da COVID-19 no município de Yateras, da província de Guantánamo, no período de 11 de março de 2020 a 19 de fevereiro de 2021. Método: Foi realizado um estudo descritivo, retrospectivo e transversal na direção municipal do referido município, onde foram estudados idade, sexo, características do domicílio, classificação por grupo de dispensários e vulnerabilidade de toda a população cadastrada no período do estudo. Resultados: 47,1% da população era vulnerável à pandemia. 98,8% apresentavam alguma comorbidade ou fator de risco para ela, principalmente história de hipertensão arterial sistêmica (2.192 habitantes). 10,7% dos domicílios foram classificados como superlotados e 54,2% apresentava condições inadequadas. Conclusões: As particularidades sociodemográficas da população do Yateras não determinam o panorama epidemiológico da COVID-19 no período estudado, visto que influiram aspectos como: o envolvimento responsável da população e governantes e lideranças de saúde como um todo, a realização de ações focadas nas particularidades de cada família, indivíduo e assentamento populacional, e a estrita reorientação dos serviços médicos para apoiar e facilitar a implantação das ações promotoras, preventivas, diagnósticas e terapêuticas da COVID-19 a partir do nível de atenção primária à saúde.

Uso de Oleozón en alveolitis en la Clínica Estomatológica Lidia Doce, Guantánamo / Using Oleozon in alveolitis at Stomatology clinic Lidia Doce, Guantánamo

Se realizó una investigación en la Clínica Estomatológica Lidia Doce del municipio Guantánamo en el año 2014, con el objetivo de analizar el comportamiento del uso de Oleozón®en alveolitis. El universo estuvo constituido por 63 pacientes que asistieron a la consulta padeciendo la enfermedad. Las variables estudiadas fueron: edad, sexo, tratamientos realizados y nivel de conocimiento de los prescriptores. Los principales resultados mostraron que fueron las mujeres las que más padecieron de esta enfermedad, aplicándole tratamientos de fitoterapia al 47,62 por ciento, terapia convencional al 33,34 por ciento y Oleozón® al 9,52 por ciento del total de pacientes. El nivel de conocimiento de los estomatólogos es adecuado en cuanto a la Medicina Natural y Tradicional a pesar que todavía es insuficiente el uso de Oleozón®. Se concluyó que es un problema gerencial en cuanto a la hora de trazar estrategias en los comités farmacoterapéuticos para la disminución de costo en tratamientos(AU)

An investigation was performed in the Stomatology clinic Lidia Doce the municipality Guantánamo in 2014, with the aim of analyzing the behavior of using Oleozón®in alveolitis. The universe consists of 63 patients who were attended at the consultation suffering this pathology. The variables were studied: age, sex, treatments performed and level of knowledge of prescribers. The main results show that most women who suffered from this disease, applying herbal treatments to 47.62 percent to 33.34 percent conventional therapy and Oleozón to 9.52 percent. The level of know ledge of dentists is suitable in terms of Natural and Traditional Medicine although it is still insufficient use Oleozón®. As a conclusion, that is a management problem when strategizing in therapeutic committees for cost reduction treatments(AU)

Chemoenzymatic synthesis and binding affinity of novel (R)- and (S)-3-aminomethyl-1-tetralones, potential atypical antipsychotics.

A series of (R)- and (S)-3-aminomethyl-1-tetralones, conformationally constrained analogues of haloperidol, have been obtained by enzymatic resolution of the corresponding racemic 3-hydroxymethyl-1-tetralones using Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase. Their binding affinities at dopamine D(2) and serotonin 5-HT(2A) and 5-HT(2C) receptors were determined showing in some cases an atypical antipsychotic profile with Meltzer's ratio higher than 1.30.

New serotonin 5-HT(2A), 5-HT(2B), and 5-HT(2C) receptor antagonists: synthesis, pharmacology, 3D-QSAR, and molecular modeling of (aminoalkyl)benzo and heterocycloalkanones.

A series of 52 conformationally constrained butyrophenones have been synthesized and pharmacologically tested as antagonists at 5-HT(2A), 5-HT(2B), and 5-HT(2C) serotonin receptors, useful for dissecting the role of each 5-HT(2) subtype in pathophysiology. These compounds were also a consistent set for the identification of structural features relevant to receptor recognition and subtype discrimination. Six compounds were found highly active (pK(i) > 8.76) and selective at the 5-HT(2A) receptor vs 5-HT(2B) and/or 5-HT(2C) receptors. Piperidine fragments confer high affinity at the 5-HT(2A) receptor subtype, with benzofuranone- and thiotetralonepiperidine as the most selective derivatives over 5-HT(2C) and 5-HT(2B) receptors, respectively; K(i) (2A/2C) and/or K(B) (2A/2B) ratios greater than 100 were obtained. Compounds showing a more pronounced selectivity at 5-HT(2A)/5-HT(2C) than at 5-HT(2A)/5-HT(2B) bear 6-fluorobenzisoxazolyl- and p-fluorobenzoylpiperidine moieties containing one methylene bridging the basic piperidine to the alkanone moiety. An ethylene bridge between the alkanone and the amino moieties led to ligands with higher affinities for the 5-HT(2B) receptor. Significant selectivity at the 5-HT(2B) receptor vs 5-HT(2C) was observed with 1-1[(1-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3-naphthyl)methyl]-4-[3-(p-fluorobenzoyl)propyl]piperazine (more than 100-fold higher). Although piperidine fragments also confer higher affinity at 5-HT(2C) receptors, only piperazine-containing ligands were selective over 5-HT(2A). Moderate selectivity was observed at 5-HT(2C) vs 5-HT(2B) (10-fold) with some compounds bearing a 4-[3-(6-fluorobenzisoxazolyl)]piperidine moiety in its structure. Molecular determinants for antagonists acting at 5-HT(2A) receptors were identified by 3D-QSAR (GRID-GOLPE) studies. Docking simulations at 5-HT(2A) and 5-HT(2C) receptors suggest a binding site for the studied type of antagonists (between transmembrane helices 2, 3, and 7) different to that of the natural agonist serotonin (between 3, 5, and 6).